References & Source Map
Everything on this site is traceable to one of the files in your macro economic folder. This page lists them, records exactly which pages and slides were used, and — just as importantly — states plainly what could not be verified.
Every citation on this site is a live link. Click p. 21 or Slide 3 and the exact textbook page or lecture slide opens in a panel on the right, already scrolled to the right place. Use ←/→ to page through, drag the left edge to resize, and press Esc to close.
The panel shows a pre-rendered image of the page so it works offline and instantly. The Open original button in the panel header opens the actual PDF or PPTX file on your machine, at the same page where supported.
Primary sources used
This is the text your course policy prescribes as T1, and it is the file Macroeconomics_H_L_Ahuja.pdf in your folder — 952 PDF pages, intact and fully readable. It is the source of every exam-ready answer and every diagram on this site.
Page numbering: the PDF's page 1 is a cover, so the book's printed page number is 16 lower than the PDF's. Every citation on this site uses the printed page number — the number you would see on the page itself — and the viewer applies the offset for you. Printed p. 21 = PDF page 37.
| Chapter | Printed pages | What was taken from it | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1, Ch. 1 Nature and Scope of Macroeconomics |
3–19 | Definition and Ackley's "study of aggregates"; Say's Law and the classical view; the Keynesian revolution; the six major issues; macroeconomic paradoxes (thrift, wages); importance of macroeconomics; macroeconomics and business decisions; the role of government and the three policy types; Questions for Review | Unit 1 (all five concepts) |
| Part 1, Ch. 2 Circular Flow of Income and National Income Accounting |
21–52 | Two-, three- and four-sector circular flow with Figs. 2.1–2.3; leakages and injections; the saving–investment identity; GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP, NI, PI, PDI with Figs. 2.4–2.5; nominal vs real GNP and the deflator; the three measurement methods and their precautions; limitations of GDP as a welfare measure and Net Economic Welfare; Questions for Review including two numerical problems | Unit 2 concepts 1–3, Numerical Lab problems 1–2 |
| Part 1, Ch. 6 Consumption Function |
149–169 | The consumption function C = a + bY with Figs. 6.1–6.4; APC and MPC and why APC falls while MPC is constant; shifts in the consumption function; the saving function and Fig. 6.5; APC + APS = 1 and MPC + MPS = 1; Tables 6.1 and 6.2; Questions for Review including the schedule-completion problem | Unit 2 concepts 4–5, Numerical Lab problems 5–6 |
| Part 2, Ch. 10 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply |
230–260 | Why AD slopes downward; the classical dichotomy; classical, Keynesian and short-run aggregate supply curves with Fig. 10.1; equilibrium and the effect of shifts; Questions for Review | Unit 2 concept 6 |
| Part 2, Ch. 12 The IS-LM Curve Model |
297–321 | Derivation of the IS curve (Fig. 12.1) and the LM curve (Fig. 12.3); slopes and shifts of each; simultaneous equilibrium (Fig. 12.5); fiscal and monetary policy in the three ranges of LM; crowding out; Questions for Review | Unit 2 concept 7 |
| Part 5, Ch. 27 Analysis of Business Cycles |
585–605 | Definition of the business cycle and Keynes' and Crowther's statements; the costs of cycles; the four phases with Figs. 27.1–27.2; cycles with a growth trend; the multiplier–accelerator interaction; turning points; Questions for Review | Unit 3 concepts 1–3 |
| Part 5, Ch. 27C Real Business Cycle Theory |
623–626 | The supply-side account of fluctuations — technology shocks rather than demand shifts. Included because the instruction plan's Lecture 14 reference points here; see the note under Discrepancies. | Unit 3 concept 3 (flagged, not taught as core) |
| Part 5, Ch. 28 Economic Stabilisation: Fiscal Policy |
627–637 | The three goals of macro policy; discretionary fiscal policy for recession and inflation; the multiplier and public works with Fig. 28.1; automatic stabilisers and the one-third estimate; the crowding-out effect; Questions for Review | Unit 3 concept 4 |
| Part 5, Ch. 29 Economic Stabilisation: Monetary Policy |
639–647 | Expansionary and tight money policy; open market operations, bank rate, CRR and SLR with the April 1996 CRR example; Keynes' two elasticity objections and the liquidity trap; the monetarist view; Questions for Review | Unit 3 concept 5 |
| Ch. 13 Inflation–Unemployment Trade-off: Phillips Curve |
338–353 | Phillips's 1958 finding; Keynesian explanation (Fig. 13.3); collapse in 1971–91 and supply shocks; natural rate, adaptive expectations, shifting short-run curves and the vertical long-run curve (Fig. 13.6); rational expectations; Questions for Review | Unit 3 concept 12 |
| Part 3, Ch. 17 Money: Nature, Functions and Role |
389–404 | Difficulties of barter; evolution of money; definitions (Crowther, Robertson); the four functions; forms of money and legal tender | Unit 4 concept 6 |
| Ch. 18 Credit and Commercial Banking |
412–419 | Credit creation under the fractional reserve system; the ₹1,00,000 / 20% CRR example; the deposit multiplier; Benham's and Crowther's limits | Unit 4 concept 7, Numerical Lab problem 8 |
| Part 3, Ch. 19 Central Banking |
420–429 | Principles of central banking (DeKock); the functions including lender of the last resort and exchange-rate management (Fig. 19.1); quantitative and selective credit controls with the CRR and margin examples; moral suasion; Questions for Review | Unit 4 concepts 1–4 |
| Ch. 19A + Appendix Monetary Policy; Role of Monetary Policy in Economic Growth |
430–452 | Repo and reverse repo (pp. 434–435); savings, investment and allocation channels; branch expansion data; priority-sector lending; SLR and public investment (pp. 441–445) | Unit 4 concepts 4–5 |
| Ch. 20 Supply of Money and its Determinants |
453–469 | Concept of money supply; RBI's M1–M4; high-powered money and the money multiplier (Fig. 20.1); currency–deposit and reserve ratios; Questions for Review | Unit 4 concept 7 |
| Ch. 21 Demand for Money and Keynes's Liquidity Preference |
470–487 | Fisher's transactions approach; Cambridge cash-balance approach; Keynes's three motives; the LP curve and liquidity trap (Fig. 21.2); Md = L(Y, r); Questions for Review | Unit 4 concepts 8–9 |
| Ch. 24 Keynes's Monetary Theory |
510–520 | The transmission chain from money to income; Keynes's two weak links — the liquidity trap (Fig. 24.4) and interest-inelastic investment (Fig. 24.5) | Unit 4 concept 9 |
| Part 4, Ch. 26 Inflation and Hyperinflation: Causes, Effects and Cure |
546–584 | Meaning; demand-pull (Figs. 26.1–26.2) and cost-push (Figs. 26.3–26.4); expectations; monetarist and structuralist theories; social costs and effects; hyperinflation; measures of control and their limits; WPI and CPI appendix; Questions for Review | Unit 3 concepts 6–10 |
| Part 6, Ch. 30 Government in the Macroeconomy: Public Expenditure |
651–653 | Public finance (Dalton, Eckstein); functional finance (Lerner); fiscal policy for equity and price stability in India | Unit 5 concept 7 |
| Ch. 33A + Appendix Government Budget Constraint; India's Fiscal Deficit |
694–716 | G = T + ΔB + ΔM; bond vs money financing; Fischer–Easterly; inflation tax; revenue and fiscal deficits; FRBM Act | Unit 5 concept 7, Numerical Lab problem 11 |
| Ch. 38A Globalisation, Commercial Policy and WTO |
817–821 | The 1991 crisis and the globalisation measures — import liberalisation, market exchange rate, convertibility, FDI up to 51%/74%, FEMA | Unit 5 concept 4 |
376 individual textbook pages are rendered into the source viewer, covering every page cited anywhere on this site. If a citation exists, the page behind it is available to open.
Lecture materials
| File | Slides / pages | What it contributed |
|---|---|---|
Module 1 - Introduction to Macroeconomics.pptx |
10 slides | The lecture's own framing of the importance of macroeconomics Slide 7, the subject-matter questions Slide 8, macroeconomics and business decisions Slide 9, and the three types of government economic policy Slide 10 |
Module 2- Circular Flow.pptx |
8 slides | The two-player model and money flows Slide 2; the two-sector diagram Slide 3; leakages and injections and their consequences Slides 7–8 |
Module 2- National Income.pptx |
15 slides | The concept definitions and formulas Slides 2–7; the three methods and each one's own limitations Slides 8–13; uses of national income data Slide 14; difficulties in measurement Slide 15 |
Module 2- AD & AS.pptx |
6 slides | Section structure for aggregate demand and aggregate supply. This deck is almost entirely images; the substance came from Ahuja Ch. 10. |
Module 2 IS-LM.pptx |
12 slides | Goods-market equilibrium and the interest–investment link Slide 4; money demand, and the point that the LM curve alone determines neither variable Slide 7; the model's four building blocks Slide 9 |
Module 2- Saving Function and Investment.pptx |
9 slides | Deriving the saving function from the consumption function Slide 4; the classification of investment — induced, autonomous, private, public, planned, involuntary Slide 8 |
Module 2 Consumption Function.pdf |
34 pages | Supplementary notes on the consumption function, supporting Unit 2 concept 4 |
Module 3 - Business Cycle.pptx |
14 slides | The four phases in the lecture's own words Slides 4–8; the causes of fluctuations list Slide 9; the Great Depression case with US and global data Slides 10–14 |
Module 3- Monetary and Fiscal Policy.pptx |
12 slides | Monetary policy defined in the Indian/RBI context, with its four elements Slide 2; fiscal policy defined Slide 6; the four fiscal instruments — public expenditure Slide 8, taxation Slide 9, public debt Slide 10, deficit financing Slide 11 |
Module 3- Inflation.pptx |
19 slides | Meaning and definitions (Ackley, Pigou, Crowther) Slides 2–3; the ten types Slide 4; causes, effects and measures Slides 5–7; inflation in developing countries Slides 8–10; deflation, reflation, disinflation Slides 11–15; Phillips curve Slides 16–19 |
Module 4- Central Bank and Credit Control.pptx |
10 slides | RBI history Slide 2; banking structure Slide 3; functional and organisation charts Slides 4–5; Vera Smith's definition Slide 6; functions Slide 7; objectives Slide 8. Slides 9–10 (credit control; economic development) say only "discussion in class" — those topics come from Ahuja. |
Module 4 Money dd & ss.pptx |
15 slides | Definitions of money Slide 2; eleven functions Slide 3; supply of money and RBI measures Slides 4–5; demand for money, classical and Keynesian Slides 6–10; demand curves and the 7.2% equilibrium Slides 11–14; liquidity trap Slide 15 |
Module_5_Governments_Role_in_the_Economy_Lecture.pptx |
18 slides | A slide summary of Reading Ch. 38: history, welfare goals, drawbacks and externalities, economic systems, regulatory and promotional roles, two-sided effects, discussion questions Slides 3–17 |
Module 5- Industrial Policy.pptx |
15 slides | Image-only deck, read slide by slide: definition, 1948, 1956, 1970–80, 1991, 1956 vs 1991, joint sector, evolution and review questions Slides 2–15 |
Module 5 CSR.pptx |
6 slides | Image-only deck: definitions (Koontz, Stoner, Indira Gandhi) Slide 2; organisation and environment Slide 3; stakeholders and arguments for and against Slides 4–5; L&T and Tata Steel Slide 5 |
Module 5 readings
Three scanned chapters were supplied with Module 5. Their numbering, page layout and "Part VII" running heads match D. N. Dwivedi's Managerial Economics — the course's reference book R1(2) — so they are treated as extracts from it. In the viewer, page numbers are the scan's own sequence.
| File | Chapter | Scan pages (book pages) | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
Module 5 Government Role in economy.pdf | Ch. 38 Government's Role in the Economy | 1–11 (752–762); p. 12 is a blank back page | Unit 5 concepts 1–3 |
Module 5 Industrial Policy India.pdf | Ch. 41 Industrial Policy of India | 1–10 (796–805) | Unit 5 concepts 4–5 |
Module 5 CSR.pdf | Ch. 43 Corporate Social Responsibility | 1–7 (817–823) | Unit 5 concept 6 |
Course documents
| File | Pages | Used for |
|---|---|---|
Syllabus-Macroeconomics.pdf | 2 pages | The detailed unit-wise syllabus, course objectives and outcomes, teaching scheme and course code 703TG0C009 |
Course Policy_Macroeconmics_2026-27.pdf | 12 pages | The prescribed book list, and the instruction plan pp. 6–8 mapping each of the 30 lectures to specific textbook chapters and page ranges — the backbone of how this site is organised |
QP_Final-Exam_Macroeconomics(703TG0C009)…2025-2026.pdf | 2 pages | The 2025-26 Final Exam question paper, solved on the Solved Papers page |
ANS_Final-Exam_Macroeconomics(703TG0C009)…2025-2026.pdf | 5 pages | The official answer key (synoptic) for that paper — the "what the official key expects" notes |
QP_Re-Exam_Macroeconomics(703TG0C009)…2025-2026.pdf | 2 pages | The 2025-26 Re-Exam question paper |
ANS_Re-Exam_Macroeconomics(703TG0C009)…2025-2026.pdf | 6 pages | The official answer key for the Re-Exam |
Reference books named by your course
- Rudiger Dornbusch, Stanley Fischer and Richard Startz, Macroeconomics, 12th Edition, McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2018.
- D. N. Dwivedi, Managerial Economics, 9th Edition, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2021.
The instruction plan cites R1 alongside T1 for three lectures in the midterm portion — Lecture 7 (National Income, R1 Ch. 2 pp. 23–42) and Lecture 8 (AD-AS, R1 Ch. 5 pp. 101–110) Policy pp. 6–7. Neither reference book was supplied as a whole file. The Module 5 scans (above) appear to be chapters of Dwivedi and are credited as "Module 5 Reading"; everything else credited to a book comes from Ahuja.
Discrepancies and things that could not be verified
These are recorded here rather than smoothed over, because knowing where a source is unreliable is part of using it well.
Your folder contains Macroeconomics-Mankiw.pdf (159 MB). It cannot be opened by any tool: it has no %%EOF marker and no cross-reference table, ends mid-stream, and both qpdf and Ghostscript fail on it ("unable to find trailer dictionary"). It is a truncated download, not a damaged-but-repairable file — the missing bytes were never written, so no repair is possible. You would need to download it again.
Impact on this site: none. Mankiw is not on your prescribed list — T1 is Ahuja and R1 is Dornbusch/Fischer/Startz and Dwivedi. Nothing here needed it.
The instruction plan assigns Lecture 14 (Causes of Fluctuations) to "T1: Part 5, Chapter 27 pp. 623–" with the end page left blank Policy p. 7. In this printing of Ahuja, printed p. 623 is the start of Chapter 27C, "Real Business Cycle Theory" p. 623 — a supply-side theory, not the demand-side explanations (investment volatility, multiplier–accelerator, monetarism) that the topic normally covers and that the lecture deck itself teaches.
How this site handles it: the demand-side explanations and the lecture deck's own list of causes are treated as the substance of the topic, and Real Business Cycle Theory is flagged in a short note on Unit 3 with its pages rendered, so you can read it and decide. No guess has been made about what the missing end page was meant to be.
Ahuja's Ch. 2 review question 30 p. 52 labels one data item "net direct taxes ₹ 100 crore". Read literally, the income and expenditure methods then give different answers (₹ 1,330 vs ₹ 1,430 crore). They reconcile exactly if the item is read as net indirect taxes. Numerical Lab problem 2 solves it both ways and explains the discrepancy rather than hiding it.
Ahuja's text on p. 152 discusses "Table 6.1" and quotes two of its rows (Y = 1,000 → C = 950; Y = 1,200 → C = 1,090), but the table itself does not appear on that page or the next in this PDF. Numerical Lab problem 6 therefore uses only the two rows the text actually states, derives C = 250 + 0.7Y from them, and marks clearly which rows are the textbook's and which follow from the function.
You asked for timestamps on the video links. Every video in the Video Library has been verified to exist, with its real title and channel confirmed programmatically against YouTube's oEmbed API — but YouTube's video pages could not be opened from this environment, so chapter markers and durations could not be read. Rather than print timestamps that might be wrong, none are given, and the reason is stated on the page itself. Most of the videos are single-topic and short enough that the whole video is the relevant section.
Checked against this printing of Ahuja Policy pp. 8–9:
- Lecture 18 (Phillips curve) → "Ch. 25A p. 544", which is the monetarist growth-of-money equation. The Phillips curve chapter is Ch. 13, pp. 338–353 p. 338.
- Lecture 21 (Money: nature and function) → "Ch. 20 p. 453", which opens Supply of Money. Nature and functions are in Ch. 17, pp. 389–395 p. 389.
- Lectures 27 and 29 → "Ch. 25A pp. 540–544" (Monetarism and Keynesianism Compared); Lecture 27 also → "Ch. 44 p. 908" (Keynesian economics in developing countries); Lecture 28 → "Ch. 38A pp. 817–834" (Globalisation and WTO). None covers government–business relations or CSR; only Ch. 38A pp. 817–821 is relevant (the 1991 reforms). The Module 5 readings are used instead.
All other final-portion references (Ch. 19, 19A, 20, 21, 24, 26, 30, 33A) were verified and used as assigned.
Ahuja p. 478 says "when bond prices go up, rate of interest rises". Bond prices and interest rates move inversely, as the rest of the same chapter (p. 475) uses. Unit 4 states the correct relation and flags the slip.
The CSR reading ends by saying CSR "may be a part of company law in future"; it became mandatory under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 (from 1 April 2014). Ahuja's central-banking chapters predate the RBI's flexible inflation targeting (2016) and the industrial-policy reading predates later steps such as the Competition Act 2002 and Make in India. Where the notes add these, they are boxed and labelled "beyond the reading/textbook" so you know they are not from the supplied files.
Coverage: the full syllabus
The site began with the midterm portion (Units 1–3 up to monetary and fiscal policy) and now covers the complete syllabus for the Term End Examination Syllabus pp. 1–2:
| Syllabus unit | Hours | Lectures | Where it is |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 — Nature and Scope of Macroeconomics | 4 | 1–4 | Unit 1 |
| 2 — Circular Flow Model of the Economy and National Income | 8 | 5–12 | Unit 2 |
| 3 — Business Cycle and Macroeconomic Policies — cycles, causes, fiscal and monetary policy | 6 | 13–16 | Unit 3 concepts 1–5 (midterm portion) |
| 3 — continued: Inflation — meaning, types, causes, effects, control; inflation in LDCs; Phillips curve | 17–18 | Unit 3 concepts 6–12 | |
| 4 — Central Bank and Money | 6 | 19–24 | Unit 4 |
| 5 — Government and the Private Business | 6 | 25–30 | Unit 5 |
How this site was built
- Reading the sources. Text was extracted from the Ahuja PDF page by page (with the printed-page offset established by checking headers against PDF page numbers), and from each PPTX via
python-pptx, including speaker notes. - Rendering the source viewer.
scripts/render_sources.pyrenders each cited textbook page to a ~1000 px JPEG, and converts each PPTX to PDF with headless LibreOffice before rendering slides — so slides look exactly as they do in PowerPoint, animations flattened. 637 pages and slides in total, about 98 MB, including the scanned Module 5 readings and the four past papers. - Building the manifest.
scripts/gen_manifest.pyscans the rendered folders and writesjs/sources.js, which the viewer reads. Re-run both scripts after adding any new citation to a page that is not yet rendered. - Diagrams. The 14 figures on the Unit 1–3 (midterm) pages are cropped directly from the textbook PDF. The 11 figures added for inflation, the Phillips curve, money and Unit 5 are redrawn as SVG from the cited textbook figures, with curves computed so that every labelled equilibrium really lies on its curves; they follow the light/dark theme, and each caption links to the original page. The lecture decks' own diagrams were inspected first and were either slide screenshots or decorative stock photography, so the textbook was used as the diagram source throughout. Each figure carries its own caption and page citation.
- Video links. Each YouTube link was checked against the oEmbed API, which returns the real title and channel for a live video and fails for a dead one. Two links that failed were replaced. Titles and channel names shown are the ones the API returned, not guesses.
Your original files have not been modified, renamed or moved. Everything this site adds lives inside macro economic/StudySite/.
What is and is not the textbook's
- Exam-Ready Answers are built from the textbook's own content, restructured into continuous prose you can write out under time pressure. Wording is smoothed; meaning is not changed, and nothing unsupported has been added.
- Examples marked "Illustrative" are written for this site to drill a method. Their numbers are invented; the method is the textbook's. They are never presented as the textbook's own examples.
- Chapter numbers, section titles and page numbers were all read off the actual PDF. Where a location could not be verified, none is given rather than a plausible guess.
- Lecture numbers come from the instruction plan in the course policy, not from inference.